Hawaii Pest and Disease Image Gallery (Miscellaneous Plants and Crops)

Online quick reference for Hawaii’s growers

Scot C. Nelson <snelson@hawaii.edu>, University of Hawaii at Manoa (UHM), College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR), Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences (PEPS)

How to use this site: Crops are listed in brown font in alphabetical order by common or scientific name and pests and plant health problems are listed below each crop in black bold font, with different symptoms or other important aspects listed adjacent to each pest entry. Browse and click on an image associated with a particular problem. View, save or print the image. Click on your browser’s “back arrow” to return to this page. If you would like more information, please contact the University of Hawaii at Manoa Cooperative Extension Service.

The Pest & Disease Image Gallery

Abutilon (Abutilon menziesii)

- Rust (fungus, Puccinia heterospora): | rusted leaves 1 2 3 4 | text [PDF] |

Abutilon molle (hairy Abutilon)

- Rust (fungus, Puccinia heterospora): | rusted foliage 1 2 3 | orange flower 1 |

Abutilon striatum (flowering maple, parlor maple, Indian mallow, ‘Gold Dust’)

- Abutilon Mosaic Virus (AMV): | foliar mosaic 1 2 3 4 5 6 | text (external link) |

Aglaonema (Aglaonema comutatum)

- Bacterial leaf blight (bacterium, Erwinia carotovora): | leaf spots, hydrosis and blight 1 |

Avocado (Persea americana)

- Algal leaf spot (algae, Cephaleuros virescens): | leaf spots 1 2 3 4 |

- Anthracnose (fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes): | fruit lesions and with blight with sporulation 1 2 3 | scattered, sunken spots on fruit 1 |

- Mites (insect, Persea mite, Oligonychus perseae): | damage to avocado leaves 1 2 3 4 |

Banana (Musa spp.)

Beach morning glory (Ipomoea pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis, Pohueuhue)

Cercospora leaf spot (fungus, Cercospora sp.): | leaf spots 1 2 3 |

Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

- Chinese rose beetle (insect, Adoretus sinicus): | “windowing” of foliage 1 2 |

- Root knot (nematode, Meloidogyne spp.): | string bean galled and knotted roots 1 |

- Spider mites (insect, Carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnarbarinus): | colony on bean leaf 1 |

Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum)

- Anthracnose (fungus, Colletotrichum capsici): | fruit spot and rot 1 |

- Bacterial wilt (bacterium, Ralstonia solanacearum): | wilting plant 1 2 | root rot 1 | vascular necrosis 1 | bacterial streaming from severed stem 1 |

Cacao (Theobroma cacao)

- Chinese rose beetle (insect, Adoretus sinicus): | “windowing” of foliage 1 |

Canna lily (Canna indica)

- Rust (fungus, Puccinia thaliae = Puccinia cannae): | rusted foliage 1 2 3 4 5 |

Carrot (Dauca carota)

- Root knot (nematodes, Meloidogyne spp.): | galling and deformation of carrot roots 1 |

Celery (Apium graveolens)

- Cercospora leaf spot (fungus, Cercospora apii): | leaf spots and blight 1 2 |

Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis, containerized)

- Rhizoctonia root rot (fungus, Rhizoctonia solani): | foliar necrosis and dieback 1 2 | root rot 1 2 |

Citrus (Citrus spp.)

- Blackfly (insect, Aleurocanthus woglumi): | colony on foliage 1 |

- Catface (probably physiological, unknown cause): | catface on lemon fruit 1 | citrus catface 1 2 |

- Fungal (Elsinoe) scab (fungus, Elsinoe fawcetti): | scabby fruits 1 2 3 | elsinoe scab symptoms on tangerine fruit, leaves/foliage 1 2 |

- Zinc deficiency (probable): | interveinal chlorosis of leaves 1 2 | chlorosis of entire tree 1 |

- Leaf miner (insect, Phyllocnistis citrella): | miner tunnels on citrus leaves 1 |

- Melanose (fungus, Diaporthe citri/Phomopsis citri): | fruit spotting on grapefruit 1 | tear stains on navel orange 1 | appressed & scabby spots on orange 1 |

- Mite feeding injury (insect, spider mites): | stippling or bronzing of fruit surface 1 2 |

- Penecillium rot or mold (fungus, Penecillium sp.): | rotting fruit 1 |

- Souring beetles (insect): | colony of souring beetles infesting citrus fruit 1 |

Coffee (Coffea arabica)

Corn (Zea mays)

- Corn leaf aphid (insect, Rhopalosiphum maidis): | colony on corn foliage with alates, apterous and cast skins 1 2 3 | damage to corn crop 1 |

- Smut (fungus, Ustilago maydis): | smutted ear 1 2 |

- Maize mosaic (virus, Maize mosaic virus): | foliar mosaic 1 |

- Pythium stalk rot (pseudofungus, Pythium aphanidermatum): | stalk rot 1 |

Crotolaria (Crotolaria sp.)

- Powdery mildew (fungus): | mildewed foliage and seed pods 1 2 3 |

Cypress (Cypress family)

- Cypress roach (insect, Diploptera dytiscoides): | damage to cypress foliage 1 2 | adult roach 1 |

Eggplant (Solanum melongena)

- Bacterial wilt (bacterium, Ralstonia solanacearum): | wilting plant(s) 1 |

Ficus (Ficus spp).

- Cuban Laurel thrips (insect, Gynaikothrips ficorum): | leaf rolling, curling, necrosis and stippling 1 2 |

- Gall wasp (insect, Camarothorax sp.): | galling and distortion of Ficus benjamina leaves 1 2 |

Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides)

- Powdery mildew (fungus, Erysiphe polygoni): | mildewed gardenia foliage 1 |

- Root knot (nematodes, Meloidogyne spp.): | severely galled gardenia roots 1 |

Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

- Bacterial wilt (bacterium, Ralstonia solanacearum): | yellow, wilting plant 1 2 | bacterial streaming from severed ginger rhizome 1 | wilting field of plants 1 2 | rotting rhizome 1 | water-soaked, translucent rhizome 1 | internal diseased rhizome tissue 1 |

Glycine (Glycine wightii)

- Cucumber mosaic (virus, Cucumber mosaic virus): | foliar mosaic 1 |

Grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi)

- Melanose (fungus, Diaporthe citri): | foliar lesions and chlorosis 1 2 | fruit lesions and spots 1 2 |

Guava (Psidium spp.)

- Algal leaf spot (algae, Cephaleuros virescens): | leaf spots on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces 1 2 3 4 5 |

- Potassium deficiency (physiological): | leaf flecking and spotting, marginal necrosis 1 2 |

Hawaiian mint (Haplostachys haplostachya)

- Powdery mildew (fungus, unidentified): | mildewed foliage 1 2 |

Heliotrope (tree heliotrope, Tournefortia argentea)

- Rust (fungus, Uredo wakensis): | rusted leaves 1 2 3 |

Hibiscus (Hibiscus sp.)

- Gall mites (insect, Hibiscus erineum mite, Aceria hibisci): | galled and distorted foliage 1 2 3 |

- Phosphorous deficiency (physiological): | anthocyanescent foliage on declining plant 1 |

- Pot-bound plant dies in landscape after transplanting (physiological): | wilting plant and pot-bound, self-choking roots 1 2 |

Hibiscus furcellatus (endemic to Hawaii)

- Powdery mildew (fungus, undetermined species): | mildewed leaves 1 |

- Chinese rose beetle (insect, Adoretus sinicus): | “windowing” of H. furcelatus foliage 1 |

Hibiscus (pink colored) (Hibiscus sp.)

- Gall mites (insect, Hibiscus erineum mite, Aceria hibisci): | pink flower 1 | foliar damage by gall mites to hibiscus 1 2 3 4 |

- Bacterial leaf spot (bacterium, Pseudomonas sp.): | leaf spots with chlorotic halos 1 2 3 4 |

Honeydew melon (muskmelon, Cucumis melo)

- Ulocladium post-harvest rot (fungus, Ulocladium cucurbitae): | stem end rot 1 2 | black lesions on fruit after harvest 1 |

Honohono grass (Commelina diffusa)

- Cucumber mosaic (virus, Cucumber mosaic virus): | foliar mosaic 1 |

Ilima (Sida fallax)

- Phosphorus deficiency: | purplish, anthocyanescent leaves and sparse growth 1 |

Iris (Iris sp.)

- Scale (insect, unidentified species): | foliar damage and scale colonies on leaves 1 2 3 |

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)

- Rhizopus rot (fungus, Rhizopus spp.): | rotting fruits covered with mycelium 1 2 | text [PDF] |

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas)

- Papaya mealybug (insect, Paracoccus marginatus): | mealybug colonies on Jatropha foliage 1 2 3 |

- Broad mite injury (insect, Polyphagotarsonemus latus): | foliar deformity, leatheryness and rugosity 1 2 |

Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe thyrsiflora)

- Anthracnose (fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes): | anthracnose lesions and blight of Kalanchoe foliage 1 2 |

Kava, `Awa (Piper methysticum)

Koa (Acacia koa)

Lemon grass (Cymbopogon spp.)

- Rust (fungus, Puccinia nakanishikii): | foliar lesions, necrosis, and rust pustules 1 | heavily rusted plant 1 |

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

- Cercospora leaf spot (fungus, Cercospora longissima): | leaf spots and blight 1 |

- Bacterial blight (bacterium, Pseudomonas marginalis pv. marginalis): | blackened, necrotic vascular and leaf tissue 1 2 |

Lychee (Litchi sinensis)

- Erinose mites (insect, Aceria litchii): | foliar distortion and “brown fuzz” 1 2 3 4 |

Macadamia (Macadamia sp.)

- Broad mite injury (insect, Polyphagotarsonemus latus): | foliar deformity, leatheryness and rugosity 1 | Link to Crop Knowledge Master |

- Glyphosate injury (herbicide): | apical chlorosis, rosetting, stunting & witches’ broom symptom on macadamia foliage 1 |

- Magnesium deficiency: | interveinal chlorosis of older macadamia leaves 1 |

- Thrips injury (insect, probably redbanded thrips (Selenothrips rubrocinctus): | stippling injury to macadamia leaves 1 |

- Quick decline (undetermined etiology): | declining and dying trees 1 2 3 |

Magnolia (Magnolia sp.)

- Algal leaf spot (algae, Cephaleuros virescens): | leaf spots 1 |

Malay apple (mountain apple, Syzygium malaccense)

- Psyllid (insect, Megatrioza vitiensis): | galls on leaves of Malay apple 1 2 (photos are from island of Kosrae, pest not known in Hawaii) | link to PestNet |

Mamaki (Pipturis albidus)

- Mealybugs and ants (insects): | colonies of mealybugs and long-legged ants on mamaki stem 1 |

Manele, Hawaiian soapberry (Sapindus saponaria)

- Cotton lace bug (insect, Corythucha gossypii): | foliar damage and lace bugs on leaves 1 2 |

Mango (Mangifera indica)

Mock orange (Philadelphus sp.)

- Glyphosate injury (herbicide): | deformed foliage, witches’ brooms 1 |

- Powdery mildew (fungus): | mildewed foliage 1 |

Naupaka, beach (Scaveola sericea)

- Dieback (fungus, Verticllium dahliae): | wilting plant 1 2 3 | yellowing plant 1 | vascular necrosis 1 2 3 |

Noni (Morinda citrifolia)

Ohia (Metrosideros polymorpha)

- Cassytha filiformis (parasitic seed plant): | infestation of mature trees 1 2 | haustoria 1 | flowers 1 |

- Psyllid injury (insect, Trioza spp.): | Raised, anthocyanescent gall-spots on leaves 1 2 |

- Rust (fungus, Puccinia psidii): | rusted, necrotic, spore-bearing foliage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |

Oleander (Nerium oleander)

- Aphids (insects, oleander aphid, Aphis nerii): | oleander aphids on stem 1 |

Orchids

- Bacterial leaf blight of Phalaenopsis (bacterium, Burkholderia gladioli): | leaf blight and hydrosis 1 2 |

- Sunburn of Phalaenopsis: | necrotic, sunburned foliage 1 2 3 |

Oxalis (Oxalis spp.)

- Rust (fungus, Puccinia oxalidis): | rusted leaves 1 |

Palms

Papaya (Carica papaya)

Passion fruit (Passiflora sp.)

- Anthracnose (fungus, Colletotrichum sp., probably C. gloeosporiodes): | fruits spots and lesions 1 2 |

Pineapple (Ananas comosus)

- Heart rot (pseudofungus, Phytophthora parasitica): | decay of heart leaves 1 2 |

- Fruit blight (pseudofungus, Phytophthora cinnamomi): | bighted fruit (low-acid hybrid variety with reduced resistance to infection) 1 |

- Root rot (pseudofungus, Phytophthora cinnamomi): | wilting plants 1 | rotten root system 1 |

Pipinola/Chaote (Sechium edule)

- Anthracnose (fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes): | fruit lesion and decay 1 |

Plumeria/Frangipani (Plumeria spp.)

- Rust (fungus, Coleosporium domingense syn C. plumeriae): | rust pustules on abaxial leaf surface 1 2 3 4 | rust and mildew together 1 | pustules and leaf necrosis 1 | adaxial leaf surface – spots and necrosis 1 |

- Powdery mildew (fungus): | mildew on leaves 1 | leaf rugosity and deformity associated with mildew 1 2 | rust, mildew, deformity 1 |

- Spiralling whitefly (insect, Aleurodicus dispersus): | colony on Plumeria leaf 1 |

Podocarpus (Podocarpus sp.)

- Black twig borer (insect, beetle, Xylosandrus compactus): | wilting foliage 1 2 | holes in stems 1