Koa wilt is one of the most serious disease problems for koa in Hawaii. The disease is thought to be caused by the soilborne fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. koae. The pathogen infects the roots ands causes them to rot. The infection then moves up into xylem and heartwood, causing wood rot and wilting of the foliage and eventually plant death, often within 3-5 years for young plants.

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