A Maui Master Gardener describes how a fruit fly trap works at Napili Community Garden.
Fruit flies are serious pests in Hawaii, feeding on hundreds of host plant species. They can occur from sea level to above 7000 feet elevation. There are four species of fruit fly found in Hawaii; the melon fly, the oriental fruit fly, the Mediterranean fruit fly, and the solanaceous fruit fly. The melon fly and the Oriental fruit fly are the most commonly found fruit flies on Maui.
The adults of fruit fly lay their eggs in the flesh of fruits and vegetables. Once the eggs hatch, the larvae (maggots) feed on the inside of the fruit, causing breakdown of tissues and internal rotting of the fruit.
Female flies lay eggs into fruits and vegetables. They can lay several hundred eggs over the course of their lifetime. The eggs will hatch in 1-2 days and the larvae tunnel through the fruit over the course of 5-15 days.
Once the larvae complete their feeding and tunneling, they burrow into the soil to pupate. This stage takes approximately 8-11 days to complete and the flies emerge. The flies become sexually mature within 1-5 weeks. Once they have mated, females sting produce to deposit their eggs and the cycle begins again.
Major hosts for oriental fruit fly include most fruits, breadfruit, carambola (star fruit), cherimoya, citrus, guava, mango, peach, and papaya.
Other hosts may include apricot, banana, grapefruit, mountain apple, nectarine, passion fruit, and many others.
The melon fly is common at sea level to 1500-feet elevations and is to identify by a black spot at the wing tips and a black streak on the wing.
Major hosts include bittermelon, cucumber, eggplant, melon, pepper, pumpkin, squash, tomato and zucchini.
Other hosts may include gourds, guava, ivy gourd, papaya, strawberry guava, spiny cucumber, wild bittermelon and banana.
Management of fruit flies includes field sanitation, protein bait, and trapping. Sanitation consists of disposing the infested fruit so fruit fly eggs and larvae don’t survive. One piece of fruit may contain hundreds of fruit fly larvae and/or eggs.
Fruit flies need sugar for energy and food high in protein to mature and reproduce. Protein baits (for example GF-120) attract and poison feeding male and female fruit flies and are a very important tactic in the fruit fly control.
GF-120 is an OMRI-listed certified organic protein bait and is available at the free monthly fruit fly classes offered by the Maui Master Gardeners at the CTAHR extension office.
Fruit fly traps using male lures reduce the number of flies in your farm area. They also allow you to monitor your fruit fly population and the effectiveness of your protein bait. Keys to successful trapping are:
Lures and information about their correct placement and maintenance are available at the free monthly fruit fly-classes offered by the Maui Master Gardeners.
For more information, see Managing Fruit Flies on Farms in Hawaii and Fruit Fly Trap Assembly.
Workshop participants learn how to assemble fruit fly traps.