Issue 29   |   May 02, 2014   |   Archive

News & Events

Farmland Tours

Kamehameha Schools is offering three guided tours of their Punalu‘u Ahupua‘a Farms, Sunday, May 4. The tours begin at 8:30 a.m., 10:30 a.m., and 12:30 p.m., and each tour lasts about two hours. Participants have a great opportunity to explore one to five acre parcels on the windward coast, ideal for growing fruit, vegetable, and orchard crops. These tours are specially designed for farmers with experience growing commercially viable crops in Hawai‘i, who are ready to farm in the next three months, who have or are willing to develop a business plan, and who have a retail channel for crop distribution. The RSVP was April 29, but if you are interested in Punalu‘u Ahupua‘a Farms, contact Joey Char, 534-8189 or jochar@skbe.edu.

Showcasing Aquaponics

Want to know about local and international aquaponics? Come join the “Growth of Aquaponics: East Meets West” seminar on Saturday, May 10, from 11:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. at the Art Building Auditorium. The event, organized by Clyde Tamaru (MBBE, pictured), highlights current efforts in aquaponics in Hawai‘i, Japan, and Utah. Dean Maria Gallo will open the seminar, and CTAHR’s Marissa Lee (MBBE), Harry Ako (MBBE), Jensen Uyeda (TPPS), Jari Sugano (PEPS), and Clyde will present. The seminar also features speakers from Japan’s Horimasa International, Utah’s Weber State University, and local Mari’s Garden and Pacific American Foundation. Highlights include WSU’s demonstration of a behind-the-scenes prototype of an actual working aquaponic system, reports on commercialization of aquaponics statewide, sustainable models, CTAHR research, and Cooperative Extension support on O‘ahu for Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Read the entire program, and register now. Seats are limited!

Cooperative at the Library

Where better to do research than at the library—or the library’s website? In honor of the CES centennial, Manoa’s Hamilton Library has put together an awesome, extensive online research guide to CTAHR’s Cooperative Extension Services. The guide is full of Extension goodness, with links to information about history, programs, videos, resources, and more. If you visit Hamilton Library, there’s also a physical exhibit of vintage extension publications.

Outstanding Research!

The 26th annual CTAHR Student Research Symposium was held April 11 and 12, featuring 129 oral or poster presentations. Symposium topics ranged from fundamental investigations to novel applications, spanning engineering, production agriculture, environmental technologies, health and food sciences, family and consumer sciences, and natural sciences. The caliber of the students’ work was truly awesome...or, as Associate Dean Charly Kinoshita so aptly put it, it inspired “awe, and then some.” Thank-yous go to those whose hard work made this event successful, including the student participants and faculty advisers/mentors, judges and moderators, staff and student volunteers, and members of the Symposium Coordinating Committee (contributors and volunteers are listed on page 14 of the Symposium program). Special thanks goes to UH’s Student Activity Program and Fee Board for funding a significant portion of this event and to CTAHR’s Sylvia Trinh for applying for SAPFB funding and coordinating much of the event. Check the symposium website for CTAHR students whose oral and poster presentations received special recognition by the panel of judges. The top CTAHR Symposium awardees will be recognized at CTAHR’s 26th Annual Awards Banquet. Those who were unable to attend the Symposium can still get a taste of the excitement by downloading the program from the Symposium homepage, and checking out the photos of the awesome posters from April 11. Congratulations to all students who participated in this year's Student Research Symposium!

Nalo Hale

Tops are important. Just think: an umbrella without a top is just a stick. A bikini without a top is a wardrobe malfunction! A jug of milk without a top is a big mess. And the Waimanalo On-Farm Learning Pavilion without a roof can’t provide needed shelter to the many community members, CTAHR students, schoolchildren, and workshop participants who visit the Waimanalo Research Station. That’s the situation right now, and that’s why the Station has put up a campaign on the crowdfunding site Indiegogo to raise money so they can raise the roof! And now they need supporters in CTAHR to raise some buzz about the campaign. Know anyone who wants to donate (even a few dollars) to a worthy cause? Point them in the direction of Waimanalo! There’s still enough time left on the campaign to get some shelter on the pavilion.

Celebrating Awesome Alumni

This year’s Awards Banquet honors two exemplary alumni, international agronomist Dr. Thomas Lumpkin and Hawai‘i food industry executive Mr. Derek Kurisu. “The two are both remarkable men, working in very different places but united by a common dedication to using their knowledge and skills in creative ways to build community and improve people’s lives,” said Maria Gallo, CTAHR dean and director. “We are so proud to celebrate their accomplishments.” Thomas Lumpkin, CTAHR’s 2014 Outstanding Alumnus, has a long-standing interest in both agronomy and Asian studies. As director general of CIMMYT, the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, since 2008, he greatly expanded initiatives to improve the lives and economic status of people in developing countries through horticulture, securing support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and other funding sources. He is an expert on azuki, wasabi, and edible soybeans (edamame) and the use of the aquatic fern azolla as green manure and poultry feed. Derek Kurisu, himself selected as CTAHR’s Outstanding Alumnus in 2004, is this year’s recipient of the Ka Lei Hano Heritage Award, which honors a member of the community for exceptional service to the college. Executive vice president at KTA Super Stores, he created the Mountain Apple Brand, a private label that partners with producers to feature items grown or made in Hawai‘i. Mr. Kurisu draws on his plantation roots, his employer’s commitment to the community, and his own ability to come up with creative solutions and forge partnerships to diversify and promote local agriculture, expand availability of locally produced food, and encourage small vendors. Come celebrate Dr. Lumpkin’s and Mr. Kurisu’s accomplishments at the 26th Annual Awards Banquet on May 9!

Grants & Awards

The Economics of Distinguished Scholarship

Chennat Gopalakrishnan (NREM, Emeritus) will be presented the Distinguished Scholar Award at the Western Agricultural Economics Association (WAEA) meeting in Colorado Springs in June. The award grants the highest recognition to WAEA members making an enduring contribution over their career to agricultural or other type of applied, resource, and/or environmental economics in the Western states and the WAEA. Nominees must have demonstrated excellence in two or more of the following areas of performance: basic and applied economics research; integration of knowledge (textbook writing or synthetic reviews); service or outreach drawing on economic expertise; teaching; and administration or service. Of course, Gopal is a poet of economics as well, which just makes him the more distinguished!

The Origins of Fruit Fly Invasion

PhD candidate Michael San Jose (PEPS) will be honored with the prestigious 2014 Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS) Helen Jones Farrar Award in Tropical Agriculture. This honor comes in the wake of being selected for the Gamma Sigma Delta PhD Student Oral Presentation Award in the 2014 CTAHR/COE Student Research Symposium. Michael delivered an oral and poster presentation at the 2014 ARCS Symposium, “Systematics and Population Genetics of the Bactrocera dorsalis Complex.” Fruit flies in the genus Bactrocera have invaded many countries worldwide, causing economic hardship not only through crop damage but also through trade restrictions. With his PEPS mentors Luc LeBlanc and Dan Rubinoff, Michael conducted a population genetics analysis of fruit flies across their native and invasive populations with the goals of identifying a possible origin of invasion and developing reliable identification tools for growers and inspectors to maximize control efforts. The Helen Jones Farrar Award will be presented to Michael at the ARCS Scholar Award Banquet on May 5. Congratulations, Michael!

Yoga Balls and Expressive Writing

Congratulations to Melissa Blaisdell and Ronelyn Ganir, two FamR majors who were awarded highly competitive UHM 2014 Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP) fellowships for their research proposals! Melissa was funded to conduct a study entitled “Yoga Balls in the Elementary School Classroom.” Her study will examine whether sitting on yoga balls can increase concentration and learning in first grade students at a local elementary school. Ronelyn (left) was funded to conduct a study entitled “The Effects of Expressive Writing on Stress, Blood Pressure, and Cortisol.” Ronelyn’s study will use pre-post tests to determine if participation in a four-week expressive writing program can lower stress and its physiological correlates in college students. Both students were mentored by Lori Yancura (FCS, right). All undergraduate students are eligible to apply for UROP fellowships to fund independent research projects under the direction of a faculty mentor. Go for it, Melissa and Ronelyn!

A Whole Range of Talents

Congratulations to Mealani Research Station’s Marla Fergerstrom, recipient of the 2014 UH Manoa Chancellor’s Award for Outstanding Service! Marla is invaluable to the ranching community, as well as to CTAHR, for her dedication to improving the herd and for keeping everything on track at the Mealani Research Station, from the livestock to the blueberry and tea plantations to the always fabulous Mealani’s Taste of the Hawaiian Range. The Manoa Chancellor’s Award for Outstanding Service honors staff members who demonstrate outstanding work performance, service, and leadership. Marla was honored with the other Chancellor’s Award winners on April 30 and will be recognized at the Awards Banquet on May 9 along with all of the other illustrious members of the CTAHR ‘ohana. Marla was also honored in 2012 with CTAHR’s award for Outstanding Civil Service. And it’s clear her little friend thinks she’s pretty special, too!

How to Build a Toxin

Chino Cabalteja (MBBE master’s student) was awarded the 2014 UHM Student Excellence in Research Award for his work in JP Bingham’s lab with conotoxins, poisons produced by cone snails that it is now possible to recreate in the lab. Chino explains that conotoxins are small peptides that can be formulated, amino acid by amino acid, but that an interesting discovery arising from his research is that human-made conotoxins have different configurations than those that are created naturally by the snails. It was this discovery that led to his award. Chino was honored at a UH Manoa awards ceremony on April 30 at the Orvis Auditorium and, with the rest of the CTAHR award winners, will be honored at the Awards Banquet on May 9. This wasn’t the only award for Chino, who’s known amongst his student colleagues as the lab superstar; he also won an award at last year’s CTAHR Research Symposium for best poster by a master’s student, also on the subject of peptides, and was awarded a travel stipend to attend several conferences. Chino will be attending the University of Pittsburgh’s prestigious PhD program in the fall, but when he’s earned his doctorate, he wants to come back to Hawai‘i. Originally from the Philippines, he grew up on Kaua‘i, where he says there wasn’t much in the way of science enrichment education. That situation is now changing thanks to such programs as the Kaua‘i Gene-ius Day program, which a cousin of his attended and loved, and he wants to be part of that change. Kaua‘i’s science community will be fortunate to have him!

No Pain (Blockers), No Gain

MBBE MS student Chris Sugai has accepted an 8-month, all-expenses-paid internship in analytical development at Merck KGaA in Germany, where he will be purifying new chemical entities to eliminate variables as part of the testing process for new drugs in development. Afterward, he hopes to find a job there or elsewhere in Germany or another European country—after growing up on the Big Island, he says, he is ready to see more of the world. Chris comes from an old coffee-growing family—his grandfather and great-grandfather were growers in Kona—and the family is now having its run-ins with the coffee berry borer. His father broke with tradition to attend medical school in Hawai‘i and become a pediatrician, however, and Chris wants to follow in his father’s footsteps and help others, though he prefers the lab to the doctor’s office. He plans to return to school for his PhD in neuroscience after gaining some practical experience; after all, as he points out, the work he is doing in JP Bingham’s lab for his MS is itself neuroscience, studying the effects of pain blockers on the nervous system. Chris was also awarded a 2013 GSO research award, and is using the information gained from that research for his Master’s thesis. We can’t wait to see what he’ll do in his additional scholarly pursuits!

Spotlight on Our Community

Taking the Fight to the Weeds

The eXtension.org Garden Professors blog knows an explosive story when they see one: they featured NREM’s James Leary’s Herbicide Ballistic Technology in their “Go ahead, weed, make my day…” entry. James recently presented a seminar at Michigan State University about his creative system of invasive plant control and his work with the Maui Invasive Species committee to eliminate miconia in Hawai‘i’s forests.

Finding Wealth

As the Cooperative Extension Service continues its triumphant yearlong celebration of a century of outreach and community engagement, it’s good to hear praises from some of those helped by Extension agents and programs. As Michael Cheang explains, he has foci on two opposite ends of the lifespan in his work as an Extension agent—efforts to get elementary school children to save money for their future, and baby boomers caring for their aging parents. The parents of the children and the children of the elders are both grateful he’s chosen these areas: the father of an enthusiastic six-year-old saver relates affectionately that when his son heard he had $7.20, “he yelled out in excitement, ‘Dad! Oh boy…I’m gonna be rich!’” Also feeling rich is the caretaker of her 92-year-old father: “This workshop has opened my eyes to so many possibilities of engaging my dad,” she exclaims; “I no longer see him as a burden, but remember him as the vibrant, curious, enthusiastic businessman. Now I see him as a care partner…he can care for me as much as I care for him. How amazing life has turned out to be!”

On the Web

In honor of the upcoming Amazing Spider-Man 2, the Star-Advertiser featured CTAHR’s Insect Museum and the wealth of web-crawling spiders housed and researched there. Museum director Dan Rubinoff and Paul Krushelnycky (both PEPS) describe some of the more notable of Hawai‘i’s 128 endemic and 100 introduced species of spiders, including some that masquerade as ants, steal from other spiders’ webs, hunt by spearing flying insects, and even resemble happy faces or Orson Welles!

Dreams of Fashion

The 2014 Senior Fashion Show, Réverie, was dreamy. The show’s 48th annual incarnation unfolded this past weekend at the Waikiki Beach Mariott to a full and enthusiastic house and garnered a laudatory review in the blog Nonstop Online Entertainment Honolulu by Amanda Stevens. Stevens praises the various collections and individual pieces, from an “imaginative, sexy and colorful” stingray-inspired dress (pictured) to Tori Speere’s “tres romantic” and “chic” styles. Some of the pieces are fit for a gala, she maintains; others ready to grace the wardrobe of actresses like Zooey Deschanel. And a look at the gallery of images, courtesy of Lyle Amine, shows that this high praise is nothing but the truth.

From Little Seeds to Yummy Salad

Noelani Elementary B5 First Graders are getting an A in hydroponic lettuce! With the help of their teacher Lianne Morita, these future produce growers and appreciators used recycled milk cartons to grow their lettuce from seeds, a process they learned from Kent Kobayashi (TPSS). They watched the entire growing process over about five weeks, and when the lettuce was ready, they harvested it and made a wonderful, healthy salad. Check out the entire process, and the beautiful healthy lettuce (and keiki) at the project blog! Great job, B5 first graders!

Pic That Papaya!

Hawai‘i Public Radio recently interviewed Scot Nelson (PEPS) about the Pic-a-Papaya smartphone app to track the papaya ringspot virus on O‘ahu. The app was developed by Scot and Richard Manshardt (TPSS) to engage the public on this potentially devastating papaya pest. App users are encouraged to use their smartphones to take pictures of fruits potentially infected with ringspot virus and send them to the researchers for diagnosis. Listen to the Hawai‘i Public Radio interview, and then learn more about the Pic-a-Papaya app and how you can help fight ringspot disease! You can also send in leaf samples to get your papaya plant checked for GMO status, and receive free seeds to replace virus-infected or genetically engineered plants. What a good deal!

The App Heard ’Round the World

Check out the user locations for The Plant Doctor smartphone app created by Scot Nelson—Indonesia to Iceland, South Africa to Sweden! Since January 2013, the free plant pest diagnostic app has been used by growers around the globe. The Plant Doctor provides interactive diagnosis and advice about plant diseases in gardens, landscapes, nurseries, and farms. Download The Plant Doctor in English and Spanish, and get with the worldwide phenomenon!

He Talks to the Animals

It’s always heartening to hear about alumni doing well. Dr. Eric Ako (BS AnSc 1978), who spoke to CTAHR students at a career workshop in March, has certainly been doing a lot since his graduation! Here’s a peek into his many activities and honors, and the mentors who helped him to get where he’s at. First of all, he’d like to acknowledge Professor Emeritus Allen Y Miyahara and Professor Bob Nakamura, whom he identifies as the main mentors for many veterinary students in the ’70s and ’80s. Prof. Miyahara sent him to Purdue, where he was a member of the veterinary honor society Phi Zeta, was awarded the AAHA Clinical Proficiency in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery Award, and was the first Hawai‘i grad to earn his DVM. Since then he’s given back to the community through his association with numerous veterinary and animal-oriented organizations, including being past president of the Honolulu Veterinary Society, the Hawaii Veterinary Medical Association, and the Honolulu Zoological Society; past chair of the Board of Veterinary Examiners of the state of Hawai‘i and past chair of UH IBC; a board member of the Hawaiian Humane Society; the co-founder and advisor for the WCC VT Program; and the Hawai‘i liaison of the Association of Avian Veterinarians. And he’s still executive vice president of the Hawaii Veterinary Medical Association! But just to show that his interests aren’t simply one-sided (or four-footed), he’s also the recipient of the Distinguished Rifleman Badge of the Civilian Marksmanship Program. Way to take aim on a career from CTAHR!

Everyone Loves a (Science) Fair

This year 11 generous CTAHR faculty and graduate students volunteered as judges in the 57th Hawaii State Science and Engineering Fair, April 1 and 2, at the Hawaii Convention Center. Jinan Banna (HNFAS), Rajesh Jha (HNFAS), Soojin Jun (HNFAS), Hye-Ji Kim (TPSS), Associate Dean Charles Kinoshita, Kent Kobayashi (TPSS), Robert Paull (TPSS), Nora Robertson (MBBE), Brent Sipes (PEPS), Brian Turano (TPSS), and Russell Yost (TPSS) all got to marvel at the accomplishments of hundreds of Hawai‘i’s best and brightest middle- and high-school students. With funding from USDA-NIFA, CTAHR presented a $500 award on behalf of all campuses in the UH system to Lily Jenkins (pictured with Brent Sipes), a 9th-grader at Molokai High and Intermediate School, who presented findings from her research project, “Ecological Effects of Non-Native Vegetation at Man-Made Canal at Pukuo‘o, Molokai.” Concerned about the sediment accumulating in the pond across the street from her home, Lily embarked on a 12-month effort of observation, sampling, and data analysis of the water, plants, and sediment in the pond. Based on her research, she concluded that the invasive vegetation found in Puko‘o Canal is a contributing factor to stream-flow blockage and sedimentation. Lily presently is working with the landowner to develop a plan to remove the invasive species and restore the pond. The CTAHR Alumni Association also presented $100 awards to two high school students at the Fair. Mahalo to the many CTAHR faculty, staff, and students who generously mentored the next generation of scientists and engineers participating in this year’s Fair!

Maui Ag-Tastic!

Maui residents and visitors alike learned about the array of CTAHR programs at the 2014 Maui Agricultural Festival at Maui Tropical Plantation. Highlights included the events celebrating the Centennial of Cooperative Extension. The Green Valley Clovers 4-H Club brought the Centennial Passport Scavenger Hunt to life, encouraging participants to learn more about CTAHR programs for agricultural businesses, home gardeners, and families. Cooperative Extension exhibits included Pest of the Hour, Master Gardeners, fruit fly management, the Weed Doctor, Aging with Dignity, the Maui Educational Apiary Project, 4-H, the Sustainable and Organic Agricultural Program (SOAP), Nutrition Education for Wellness (NEW), and the Maui Cooperative Extension Centennial timeline. In addition to the CTAHR CES bonanza, Maui Agricultural Research Center (MARC) showcased their breeding work with taro and Protea family plants, offering plant material and expert advice on how to cultivate these plants in gardens and farms as well as cooked samples of selected taro varieties (and yes, they had the required temporary food permit). Then, for people interested in our academic programs, who better to ask than Charly Kinoshita, who offered his encouragement and expertise? A big mahalo to everyone who helped make this an Ag Fesitval success!

What Lies Beneath...the Soil

CES Agriculture Diagnostic Service Center Manager Ray Uchida recently appeared on KHON to offer his expertise on the soil contaminants found at Radford High School. Work on an all-weather track around the football field was halted in December when toxic chemicals were found buried under the campus, and testing revealed lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury in the soil. Because the chemicals were found two to three feet below the surface, the high levels are considered safe, but Ray still recommends caution, particularly about the lead. “I would be concerned with it because you don’t know what might happen if you scrape it off, but it won’t move upward,” he said. Watch the video at the KHON website.

Plants of Yesteryear, Seeds of Tomorrow

With funding support from CTAHR, students in TPSS 421 Tropical Seed Science had the opportunity to visit the USDA National Resource Conservation Service station on Moloka‘i to learn about the production of native plant seeds for conservation and roadside planting and restoration of vegetation on Kaho‘olawe. Accompanied by their instructor, Richard Criley (TPSS), the students learned about the challenges of producing quantities of seeds of native species for which there was no previous experience. They saw field plantings of ‘a‘ali‘i, ‘ilima, ‘uhaloa, and pili grass, which are among target species for roadside planting to reduce erosion and maintenance in programs such as those initiated by Joe DeFrank (TPSS) and his students. Hosts Glenn Sakamoto and Kawika Duvachelle demonstrated seed-cleaning equipment such as threshers, shakers, and screens, as well as aspirators to extract seed from previously collected seedheads. Additional research at the station is concerned with the use of native plants as resources for pollinators such as bees, flies, and other insects. CTAHR is privileged to have emeritus faculty like Richard who continue to contribute to the college in retirement!

Oh, Happy (Ag) Day!

As part of the 100-year Anniversary of Cooperative Extension, CTAHR celebrated Ag Day at the Capitol on March 28. Dean Maria Gallo and CTAHR alumni Dennis Gonsalves and Chris Robb participated in the Agricultural Coexistence panel discussion that focused on how organic farming and biotechnology fit in the modern agricultural landscape in Hawai‘i. CTAHR programs—Sustainable and Organic Agriculture (SOAP), Local and Immigrant Farmer Education (LIFE), Nutrition Education for Wellness (NEW), and the UH Honeybee Project—contributed displays and demonstrations for the public to view and experience. Check out more images of Agriculture Awareness Day. Great job, everyone!

Open House Success!

The Poamoho Research Station held a successful Plant Propagation and Crop Nutrition Open House on March 29. Participants got to check out the great variety of crops at the station including lettuce, papaya, bananas, tea, and more. They also got to learn about organic, sustainable growing, and fertilizer, as well as hydroculture and other CTAHR projects. As the “price” of admission, they also were videotaped wishing Cooperative Extension a Happy 100th Birthday! See more pictures of the awesome event as well as the beautiful produce at the station, and watch the video of Jensen Uyeda (TPSS) talking about the event on Hawai‘i News Now. An extra mahalo to retirees Dot Higashi (CES) and Ken Takeda and Steve Fukuda (both TPSS) who came out to help!

Ce-le-brate Good (Extension) Times!

Take a look at the great outreach work done by the CTAHR ‘ohana at the new CTAHR CES Centennial website! In 1914, the Smith Lever Act was passed, and this year marks 100 years of Cooperative Extension in the U.S. Although outreach work had been going on in Hawai‘i for years, the University of Hawai‘i officially established the Cooperative Extension Service in 1928, and it’s been going strong ever since. You can also keep up with Centennial updates with the CTAHR CES twitter feed. Here's to the first 100 years, and many more in the future of Cooperative Extension!

New Publications

Get Healthy!

Health starts with a healthy mindset, so check out three new Health Options articles by Alan Titchenal and Joannie Dobbs (both HNFAS). Their March 11 article focuses on iron deficiency, the symptoms, and how to incorporate more iron into your diet. On March 25, they explored the consequences of labeling food “good” and “bad,”particularly fats and cholesterol. And their most recent article encourages consumers to enjoy locally-grown vegetables. Go get these articles and other healthy tips on the Health Options website!

Millions of Moth Years

Will Haines and Dan Rubinoff (both PEPS) and Patrick Schmitz, formerly of PEPS as well, are taking a look back into the past with the moth genus Hyposmocoma, otherwise known as the Hawaiian fancy case caterpillar for the elaborate silk cases the larvae construct and carry on their backs. In their new study “Ancient diversification of Hyposmocoma moths in Hawai‘i” published in Nature Communications, the team shows that Hyposmocoma have been in Hawai‘i for about 15 million years, contrary to previous studies that suggested that the majority of organisms colonized the islands 5 million years ago. They show that Hyposmocoma has dispersed from the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands to the current high islands more than 20 times, something that has never been shown in another Hawaiian animal or plant group. Read the news release or peruse the article at the Nature Communications website.

Basic, Strange, and Landmark

Sometimes breakthroughs in research come from unexpected places, and the American Journal of Botany has recognized Dr. B's non-traditional work. “When I was a kid in the 60’s, CTAHR’s Department of Horticulture not only allowed my lab to ‘play with pollen’ but let me nurture several grads through without obvious application to problems of Hawai‘i farmers,” Dr. B remembers. Fast-forward 50+ years, and the 100th anniversary volume of the American Journal of Botany reviewed the landmark contributions to pollen evolution research that came from Dr. B’s “basic, but strange” work, including the evolutionary law named after him, the Brewbaker-Schurhoff law. Read more at the American Journal of Botany website.

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