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A galled kava (Piper methyticum) root, caused by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.) infection.

Galled kava (Piper methyticum) aerial roots, caused by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.) infection.

 

A galled kava (Piper methyticum) root, caused by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.) infection.

Adult female root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.), stained red, inside of a galled plant root.

A galled kava (Piper methyticum) stem, caused by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.) infection.

Galls on roots of papaya (Carica papaya) caused by root-knot nematodes (Meldoidgyne sp.)

Galled noni root system, caused by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.) infection.

Galled Hibiscus foliage, caused by the Hibiscus erineum mite (Aceria hibisci).

Galling and distortion of False wiliwili tree foliage caused by Erythrina gall wasps (Quadrastichus erythrinae).

Definition

A gall (syn. tumor) is an abnormal swelling or localized outgrowth, often roughly spherical, produced by a plant as a result of attack by a fungus, bacterium, nematode, insect, or other organism.

Etymology. "sore spot on a horse," O.E. gealla "painful swelling," from L. galla "gall, lump on plant," originally "oak apple," of uncertain origin. Perhaps from or influenced by notion of "poison-sore." The verb meaning "to make sore by chafing" is from c.1440; fig. sense of "harass, irritate" is from 1573.