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Naupaka leafhopper injury, resulting in leaf rugosity.

Rugose kava leaves (Piper methysticum), resulting from infection by the plant-pathogenic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, cause of kava dieback disease.

Rugose kava leaves (Piper methysticum), resulting from infection by the plant-pathogenic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, cause of kava dieback disease.

Rugose and tattered leaf of kava (Piper methysticum) associated with aphid feeding injury (Melon aphid, Aphis gossypii).

Rugose Plumeria leaf associated with powdery mildew disease.

Wrinkling (rugosity) of palm leaflets associtaed with Boron deficiency.

Rugose banana (Musa sp.) foliage is associated with boron and/or mild calcium deficiency.

Definition

Rugose is wrinkled, roughened.