 Hawaii Cooperative Extension Service
The Jaquelyn Thomas-type, seed-propagated, dendrobium cultivars developed by the University of Hawaii are amphidiploids or tetraploids with two chromosome sets of the P. (Phalaenanthe) genome and two sets of the C. (Ceratobium) genome. UH44, UH232, UH306, UH503, UH507 and UH800 are PPCC amphidiploids. UH955 (D. Joan Kushima) and UH971 (D. Elaine Harada), on the other hand, are PPPC tetraploids with three sets of the P. genome and one set of th e C. genome. Because UH955 and UH971 have a majority of the P. genome, flowers are larger, fuller and more attractive than the PPCC amphidiploids, but yields are lower. With the recent appearance of mericloned cultivars from Thailand such as D. Sonia, D. Ekapol and D. Poh Kiew with large, attractive flowers, some growers in Hawaii have expressed interest in PPPC-type cultivars that are seed-pr opagated. Accordingly, we made several PPPC crosses and evaluated the progenies for uniformity yield, bud drop, and other horticultural characters.
Results
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Table 3. Performance of Group I PPPC progenies.
Cross No. Sprays No. Flowers Scape Spray Flower Pedicel % Bud Plant Flower
No. per Plant per Spray Length Length L X W Length Drop Height Color
(in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.)
K1113 6.7 13.1 8.7 18.3 2.8x3.0 1.8 8.2 30.7 Pink, slight
variation
K1117 8.0 12.8 6.9 15.4 2.2x2.7 1.7 19.5 21.5 Purple,
uniform
K1126 10.1 14.1 8.9 26.4 2.8x3.0 1.9 6.7 26.4 Lavender,
slight
tesselation
K1144 11.5 13.2 9.7 20.0 3.1x3.3 1.6 1.0 25.0 Lavender,
slight
variation
K1146 6.8 14.5 8.6 21.7 2.5x2.6 1.8 3.7 25.4 Light and
darker
lavender
K1147 13.5 15.1 8.7 17.0 2.6x2.8 1.6 2.2 32.8 Pink, slight
variation
K1148 17.9 12.5 10.2 22.7 2.7x3.0 1.9 3.5 29.2 Variable, pink
dark pink,
white
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The data for the second group are summarized in Table 4. Again no differences in flower characteristics, except yield, bud drop and flower color were observed among the crosses. As in Group 1, the red Jaquelyn Concert (D239-1) parent
contributed to the high bud drop percent of 20.7 in K1280 (D239-1 x K119-2) and 15.0 in K1282 (K404-2 x D239-1). Flower yields were low for these two crosses. K1211 and K1219 had unacceptable bud drop percentages higher than 5, while K1232 and K1262 show
ed a borderline bud drop percentage of 5.0, and 4.4, respectively. The remaining 3 crosses, K1191, K1233, and K1276 appeared the most promising with a very low bud drop percentage, and furthermore, produced fairly uniform attractive pink flowers. |
Table 4. Performance of Group II PPPC progenies.
Cross No. Sprays No. Flowers Scape Spray Flower Pedicel % Bud Plant Flower
No. per Plant per Spray Length Length L X W Length Drop Height Color
(in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.)
K1191 7.8 13.8 10.2 22.7 2.6x2.9 1.6 1.0 30.6 Pink, slight
variation
K1211 7.4 13.7 6.9 15.4 2.2x2.7 1.7 12.1 32.0 Pink, fairly
uniform
K1219 9.6 12.6 7.4 16.5 2.4x2.7 1.5 8.1 28.6 Pink,
few white
K1227 7.3 13.0 9.7 21.3 2.5x2.8 1.8 5.2 26.8 Pink, few
white
K1232 7.3 13.3 9.4 21.1 2.6x2.9 1.8 5.0 25.7 Pink,
variable
shades
K1233 8.2 13.9 9.2 21.5 2.4x2.7 1.6 3.5 32.6 Pink, slight
variation
K1262 6.5 12.4 9.3 21.0 2.5x2.8 1.8 4.4 23.7 Pink, slight
variation
K1276 6.1 15.0 9.2 21.5 2.6x2.8 1.5 1.0 31.5 Pink, slight
variation
K1280 3.6 13.8 6.7 20.3 2.3x2.6 1.7 20.7 20.4 Reddish
purple, slight
variation
K1282 4.5 13.1 6.1 18.1 2.4x2.7 1.8 15.0 19.6 Reddish
purple, slight
variation
All three crosses, which have Joanna Mesina as one of the parents, produced erect sprays with exceptionally long vase lives of 20.4, 23.9 and 22.9 days, respectively. K1191 and K1276 are being registered as Dendrobium Tessie Amore (D. Jaquel
yn Thomas X D. Joanna Mesina), and K1233 as Dendrobium Nellie Sugii (D. Joanna Mesina X D. Neo Hawaii). These three crosses will be released as UH1191 , UH1276 and UH1233 for trial as seed-propagated PPPC cultivars. A br
ief profile of the three cultivars are presented in Table 5. It should be noted that the yield for K1276 was lower than that for K1191 and K1233 due to the shorter evaluation period.Table 5. Characteristics of K1191, K1233, and K1276. Characteristics K1191 K1233 K1276 Sprays per plant 7.8+/-0.7 8.2+/-2.1 6.5+/-1.5 Scape length (in) 8.8+/-0.9 9.2+/-1.7 9.2+/-1.7 Spray length (in) 21.2+/-4.5 21.5+/-3.0 21.5+/-3.1 No. of flowers per spray 13.8+/-3.7 13.9+/-4.0 15.0+/-3.7 % bud drop 1.0 3.5 1.0 Flower length (in) 2.7+/-0.3 2.4+/-0.1 2.6+/-0.3 Flower width (in) 2.9+/-0.3 2.7+/-0.2 2.8+/-0.1 Pedicel length (in) 1.6+/-0.1 1.6+/-0.1 1.5+/-0.1 Vase life (days) 20.4+/-6.8 23.9+/-6.8 22.9+/-8.0 Mean plant height (in) 30.6+/-5.8 32.6+/-5.9 31.5+/-6.2 Experiment Two separate groups were evaluated. The first group of seven crosses (Table 1) were germinated in Spring, 1986, and evaluated from June 1988 to December 1991. We featured K681-17 as one of the PPPP parents because of its att ractive two tone light lavender (pink) color and good substance. Table 1. Group I PPPC hybrids. Cross No. Cross K1113 D192 (Jaquelyn Thomas 4N) X W15-6 (phalaenopsis 4N) K1117 D239-1 (Jaquelyn Concert) X K404-2 (PPPP 4N) K1126 D364-2 (Louisae 4N) X W15-6 (phalaenopsis 4N) K1144 K681-17 (PPPP 4N) X 0580-4N (Jaquelyn Thomas 4N) K1146 K681-17 (PPPP 4N) X D168-12 (Jaquelyn Thomas 4N) K1147 K681-17 (PPPP 4N) X Y166-1 (Jaquelyn Thomas 4N) K1148 K681-17 (PPPP 4N) X NH4N (Neo Hawaii 4N)
Table 2. Group II PPPC hybrids. Cross No. Cross K1191 K159-21 (Jaquelyn Thomas 4N) X D408 (Joanna Mesina 4N) K1211 K1026-9 (PPPP 4N) X NH4N (Neo Hawaii 4N) K1219 D276-2 (Dale Takiguchi 4N) X NH4N (Neo Hawaii 4N) K1227 K681-2 (PPPP 4N) X NH4N (Neo Hawaii 4N) K1232 K681-29 (PPPP 4N) X NH4N (Neo Hawaii 4N) K1233 D408 (Joanna Mesina 4N) X NH4N (Neo Hawaii 4N) K1262 K681-29 (PPPP 4N) X NH4N (Neo Hawaii 4N) K1276 K44-50 (Jaquelyn Thomas 4N) X D408 (Joanna Mesina 4N) K1280 D239-1 (Jaquelyn Concert 4N) X K119-2 (PPPP 4N) K1282 K404-2 (PPPP 4N) X D239-1 (Jaquelyn Concert 4N) H. Kamemoto, haruyuki@hawaii.edu A. R. Kuehnle, heidi@hawaii.edu T. D. Amore and N. C. Sugii
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